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Content Type: Long Read
In June 2025, a team of researchers exposed how Meta and Yandex abused Android and browser-specific tools to track users outside of their application and collect associated data. The technique used to achieve this was truly innovative, and akin to malware behaviour. It exploited protocols to break the isolation between apps and browser, a fundamental security concept meant to protect users. This allowed these companies to tie the browsing history of individuals with their accounts on the…
Content Type: News & Analysis
It feels like WhatsApp is everywhere. Who isn’t familiar with the gentle ding as a message arrives - the relentless group chats, or the customer service bots? According to recent statistics, the service is used regularly by nearly 3 billion people around the world. Its core service - end-to-end encrypted messaging - is essential in today’s society.But private messaging services like WhatsApp are costly to run, and not something people are accustomed to paying for. Securing an income stream for…
Content Type: Virtual Machine
The documentation below is a copy of the documentation found on Github: Interception environment on Github
Privacy International's data interception environment
Version: 2.1.2-20190730
Privacy International's data interception environment
Quick Start Guide
Step 0 - Prerequisites
Step 1 - Download
Step 2 - Importation
Step 3 - Initialising
Step 4 - Setup
Step 5 - Capture
Step 6 - Notes for Android Nougat or Later
Background
Theory
Implementation
Virtualbox (6.0.4)
Debian 10 (Buster)…
Content Type: News & Analysis
In December 2018, we revealed how some of the most widely used apps in the Google Play Store automatically send personal data to Facebook the moment they are launched. That happens even if you don't have a Facebook account or are logged out of the Facebook platform (watch our talk at the Chaos Communication Congress (CCC) in Leipzig or read our full legal analysis here).Today, we have some good news for you: we retested all the apps from our report and it seems as if we…
Content Type: Report
A video presentation of the finding of this report can be found here, as presented at 35th Chaos Computer Congress (35C3)Previous research has shown how 42.55 percent of free apps on the Google Play store could share data with Facebook, making Facebook the second most prevalent third-party tracker after Google’s parent company Alphabet. In this report, Privacy International illustrates what this data sharing looks like in practice, particularly for people who do not have a Facebook account.This…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.facebook.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
format: json
sdk: android
event…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.facebook.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.facebook.com/v3.0/115882278440564?fields=…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The app sends the following HTTP GET request to graph.facebook.com
GET https://…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.facebook.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This app prerequest permissions when installing from the app store, a screenshot is attached for reference
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.facebook.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
format: json
sdk: android
event…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
Form data:
format: json
sdk: android…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the app sends the following HTTP GET request to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.facebook.com/v2.11/174829003346?fields=…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
format: json
sdk: android
event…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.facebook.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following HTTP GET request is made to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
The app sends the following HTTP GET request to graph.facebook.com
GET https://graph.facebook.com/v2.9/651942978220795?fields=supports_implicit_sdk_logging%2Cgdpv4_nux_content%…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
Form data:
format: json
sdk: android…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the applicationResponse from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)format: json
sdk: android
event…
Content Type: App Analysis
This documentation demonstrates actions taken by the test user and the apps subsequent responses.
Test user action 1: The user taps on the application icon, which opens the application
Response from app: The application is initialised and the following data is sent and received by the app:
Immediately after the app is opened, the following data is sent to graph.facebook.com (Graph)
The following GET request was made:
GET https://graph.facebook.com/v3.1/97534753161…